Spatial modelling and landscape‐level approaches for visualizing intra‐specific variation

摘要: Spatial analytical methods have been used by biologists for decades, but with new modelling approaches and data availability their application is accelerating. While early were purely spatial in nature, it now possible to explore the underlying causes of heterogeneity biological variation using a wealth environmental data, especially from satellite remote sensing. Recent can not only make inferences regarding relationships heterogeneity, also create predictive maps patterns under changing conditions. Here, we review involved making continuous predictions predictor variables, provide examples use critically evaluate advantages limitations. In final section, discuss some key challenges opportunities future work.