Unified active filter biquad structures

摘要: The authors present a new biquad filter model based on nullators, norators, current mirrors and passive R (resistor) C (capacitor) elements. Two implementations derived from the by using second generation current-controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are also proposed. two capable of achieving five important performance parameters simultaneously without trade-offs, including universal filtering, minimum components count independent control ωo ωo/Q. This is unlike recently reported structures which make certain trade-offs that emphasise some at cost others. Simulation results included confirming theoretical prediction.