Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies

摘要: The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in directions: (1) understanding the mechanism carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving prevention screening early detection disease. This aspect has developed, especially certain types cancers, thanks also to introduction new concepts such as liquid biopsies precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest application alternative noninvasive methodologies search biomarkers. frontiers lead RNA molecules circulating body fluids. Searching biomarkers extracellular fluids represents better option patients because they are easier access, less painful, potentially more economical. Moreover, possibility these samples be taken repeatedly, allows monitoring disease progression or treatment efficacy intervention dynamic patient, which fundamental basis personalized molecules, freely packed microvesicles, all characteristics ideal owing their high stability under storage handling conditions being able sampled several times monitoring. demonstrated many plasma/serum levels mirror those primary tumor. There large variety species noncoding proteins that could used biopsies. Among them, most studied microRNAs, but recently attention researcher directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular other small RNAs. Another class species, long larger than microRNAs very versatile promising group which, apart from use biomarkers, possible therapeutic role. review, we will give overview common detectable provide update concerning situation on