A congruent solution to arthropod phylogeny: phylogenomics, microRNAs and morphology support monophyletic Mandibulata

摘要: While a unique origin of the euarthropods is well established, relationships between four euarthropod classes—chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans and hexapods—are less clear. Unsolved questions include position monophyletic chelicerates, validity close relationship to tardigrades onychophorans. Morphology predicts that insects form group, Mandibulata, which has been contradicted by many molecular studies support an alternative Myriochelata hypothesis (Myriapoda plus Chelicerata). Because conflicting insights from published datasets, evidence nuclear-coding genes needs corroboration independent data define among major nodes in tree. Here, we address this issue analysing two datasets: phylogenomic dataset 198 protein-coding including new sequences for novel microRNA complements sampled all arthropod lineages. Our analyses strongly show tree-reconstruction artefact caused saturation long-branch attraction. The analysis corroborates showing microRNAs miR-965 miR-282 are present expressed mandibulate species sampled, but not chelicerates. Mandibulata further supported phylogenetic comprehensive morphological covering living fossil arthropods, recently proposed, putative apomorphies Myriochelata. also provide strong inclusion pycnogonids Chelicerata, paraphyletic Cycloneuralia, common Arthropoda (tardigrades, onychophorans arthropods), suggesting previous phylogenies grouping nematodes may have subject artefacts.