Multigene phylogeny resolves deep branching of Amoebozoa

摘要: Amoebozoa is a key phylum for eukaryote phylogeny and evolutionary history, but its phylogenetic validity has been questioned since included species are very diverse: amoebo-flagellate slime-moulds, naked testate amoebae, some flagellates. 18S rRNA gene trees have not firmly established internal topology. To rectify this we sequenced cDNA libraries seven diverse conducted analyses 109 eukaryotes (17–18 Amoebozoa) using 60–188 genes. We Bayesian inferences with the evolutionarily most realistic site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR-Γ model maximum likelihood analyses. These unequivocally establish monophyly of Amoebozoa, showing primary dichotomy between previously contested subphyla Lobosa Conosa. Lobosa, entirely non-flagellate lobose robustly partitioned into monophyletic classes Tubulinea, predominantly tube-shaped pseudopodia, Discosea flattened cells different locomotion. Within Conosa 60/70-gene little missing data show aerobic infraphylum Semiconosia (Mycetozoa Variosea) secondarily anaerobic Archamoebae. features congruent recent major amoebozoan classification emphasising locomotion modes, pseudopodial morphology, ultrastructure. However, 188-gene where proportionally more taxa sparser gene-representation weakly place Archamoebae as sister to Macromycetozoa instead, possibly tree reconstruction artefact differentially data.