Revisiting the “Modern” Multinational Enterprise Theory: An Emerging-market Multinational Perspective

摘要: Using Triad-based multinational enterprises as their empirical setting, influential scholars in international management uncovered key organizational characteristics needed to create globally integrated and locally responsive multinationals. They proposed a “modern” theory of multinationals' organization (Hedlund, 1994). But recently, new generation multinationals from emerging markets has appeared. Little is known about choices some even doubt that they leverage capabilities altogether. Does the still hold case? This exploratory study three emerging-market (EMNEs) discloses for reasons related origin economies competitive specificities these economies, EMNEs approach global local conundrum ways which are both similar – vastly different recommendations theory. We inductively develop accounts evolution reconcile integration responsiveness. discuss its implications executives