Native or not? Tracing the origin of wild-caught and captive freshwater turtles in a threatened and widely distributed species (Emys orbicularis)

摘要: Pet and food trade are among the major threats for many chelonians species worldwide. We investigate impact of present past in European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis, E. trinacris) on their extant distribution pattern. Using a comprehensive mtDNA dataset cytochrome b haplotypes derived from more than 1,550 individuals, we assigned wild-caught allochthonous captive six countries to native regions across entire range. found all surveyed, providing evidence long-distance translocations owing trade, illegal poaching or collection by tourists. In summary, identify source routes. Moreover, point out future directions which would contribute conservation management these threatened species.