Timescapes of Community Resilience and Vulnerability in the Circumpolar North

摘要: Historical relationships between people and a changing Arctic environment (which constitute social-ecological system, or SES) can offer insights for management that promote both social ecological resilience. The continued existence of healthy renewable resources around communities is particularly important, as subsistence commercial use local are often the only practical avenues to healthy, long-term security those communities. Our research draws on position SESs exist in an explicitly temporal: frequently cyclic, changing, contextual, contingent. Therefore, causes effect disturbances rarely temporally linear; instead, they characterized by complex array hysteretic effects alternate (possibly repeating) states. term 'timescapes' describes time-space context element its fundamental importance sustainable practices. We investigate timescapes circumpolar North relation four primary provisioning practices (hunting/gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, market-based economy). Broadly, we identify distinct states, interspersed with periods change. For specific have maintained their through series profound change, propose elements resilience been neither incrementally lost nor gained time; rather, waxed waned accordance specific, sometimes repeating, conditions. To maintain existence, believe, had ability recognize gradual rapid changes social, ecological, economic conditions reorganize themselves adapt changes, rather than any outcomes That is, adapted dynamic environment, not preferred state. However, centralized Western management, despite flaws accounting linkages culture, economics, increasingly circumscribing believe significant challenge maintaining equity remote communities, within outside Arctic, will necessitate incorporating localized cultural values decision-making processes fostered prior community (data from) interdisciplinary research.