Substance Use to Cope with Stigma in Healthcare Among U.S. Female-to-Male Trans Masculine Adults

摘要: Abstract Purpose: Enacted and anticipated stigma exist within healthcare settings for transgender people, but research has yet to examine the effects of these forms on substance use behaviors female-to-male (FTM) trans masculine people. Methods: Data were analyzed from cross-sectional U.S. National Transgender Discrimination Survey, a convenience sample adults purposively sampled in 2008. Trans respondents (n=2,578) identified using two-step method: Step 1, Assigned birth sex; 2, Current gender identity. A minority stress model was tested relation enacted with cope mistreatment. Results: Overall, 14.1% reported having been refused care by provider (enacted stigma), 32.8% delaying needed medical when sick/injured, 39.1% delayed routine preventive (anticipated stigma). Having significantly associated with...