Flight Behaviour and Avoidance of Predators in Thomson's Gazelle (Gazella Thomsoni Guenther 1884)

摘要: [As a suhsidiary result of study on social behaviour Thomson's gazelle in Serengeti National Park (Tanzania) there are given informations flight and avoidance predators. Alert posture, galloping stotting, especially the relatively soft alarm call more or less contagious can release alertness conspecifics. Shaking flank (BROOKS, 1961) does not initiate only but general. It is last link chain actions which appears completed intraspecific situations. In perception enemies tommy reacts to optical stimuli from silhouettes movements. The senses smell hearing so important this context. If tommies have recognized an enemy time they try keep it under control (behaviour fascination). territorial ♂♂ Bachelor herds found predominantly at periphery area inhabited by population. Thus predators often encounter them first. Gaits patterns described with special regard stotting display. young fawns stay put (Abliegen, WALTHER, 1059/60) difficult be seen. way mother manages her fawn during first days its life lead view that place where rests kept contamination odors attractive rare cases even adult gazelles evade lying down. Tommies do fight against when hunted. defends jackals tries divert hyenas hunt for fawn. Factors influence distance discussed. varies different according their danger gazelles. Experiments showed (bachelors) lesser than ♀♀ herds, lower one subadult ♂ , bachelors, solitary wandering show greatest all age, sex status significant factors influencing distance. By observations response predators, human beings, cars mistakes flights animals gazelles, was possible find few releasing factors, most similar identical sign : sudden appearance, direct course (toward gazelles), size, good perceptibility (contrast), large number enemies, high speed, proximity, strangeness, experience. concrete usually several these operate concomitantly. A remarkable also known as following reaction ungulates (WALTHER, 1964a, 1966). This may explain certain ambivalent behaviour, kills me groups preyed upon various rates. There relationships between differences distances, spatial distribution grouping hand, hunting methods other hand. ecological importance each predatory species depends specialization preference prey animals, number, preferred biotype. Implications management national parks game cropping outside protected areas very alertness, alarm, hiding restricted only; seen Certain adapted primarily conditions realm work better it., As it.]