Global appropriation of resources causes high international material inequality – Growth is not the solution

摘要: Abstract High levels of resource consumption cause detrimental environmental change. Very low may fail to meet basic needs. A major challenge for a sustainability transformation is reduce inequalities and achieve globally sustainable level flows. By providing access resources beyond national boundaries, trade could either lead more equal international distribution or aggravate unequal material resources. For sample 173 countries between 1993 2010, we studied the role upstream global appropriation in inequality. Until turn century, per capita extraction was as unequally distributed (extraction plus imports minus exports). Import export flows such do not greatly affect The materials associated with trade, however, decisively increased inequality until 2000. In 21st decreasing coincided sharp rise extraction, appropriated by high upper-middle income countries. Such growth-led reduction environmentally sustainable. It has, now, been enabled patterns distributing way that can never be inclusive, putting especially world's poorest at risk.