Lipid Signaling and Synaptic Plasticity

摘要: Lipids are essential components of plasma- and organelle-membranes, not only providing a frame for embedded proteins (e.g., receptors ion channels) but also functioning as reservoirs lipid mediators. Increasing evidence indicates that bioactive lipids such eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, lysophospholipids serve intercellular intracellular signaling molecules participating in physiological pathological functions the brain. The discovery some these novel mediators has sparked an intense interest lipidomic neurobiology research. Classic prostaglandins (PGD(2), PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), PGI(2), TXA(2)), catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COX), synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA). Experimental studies demonstrate prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), mainly derived COX-2 reaction, is important mediator, acting retrograde messenger via presynaptic PGE(2) subtype 2 receptor (EP(2)) modulation synaptic events. Novel (prostaglandin glycerol esters ethanolamides) oxidative metabolites endogenous cannabinoids (2-arachidonyl arachidonyl ethanolamide). Recent suggests new types likely involved transmission plasticity. This means COX- plays central role metabolisms AA endocannabinoids (eCBs) productions AA- eCB- prostaglandins. Thus, present review article, authors will discuss regulation hippocampal