Did transition bring cleaner air?: Effects of ownership, territorial and technology policy on air pollution

摘要: Abstract The paper investigates trends in air pollution Poland during transition to a market economy. By analysing how the EU, national and regional development policy mix affects environmental outcomes we show importance of context terms assessing contribution different stakeholders such as foreign investors. results that while state owned firms pollute more, new domestic make positive reducing emitted particulate matter subsidiaries on average have an increasing or neutral impact pollution. However, territorial becomes focal point for understanding these changes there are large differences areas subject this policy. When accounting combinations policies suggest zone governance has been very effective emissions matter. Zones combine ownership with technological associated restructuring enterprises FDI along EU subsidies technology adoption more green technologies general. Both factors (e.g. using restructure former SOEs within zones also tool distribute structural funds) aid emissions, extent can compare them (due differential measuring scales) conclude through funds by far most towards curbing high levels Poland.