Transition regions: Regional–national eco-innovation systems and strategies

摘要: The key phenomenon around which the paper is constructed, given its core interest in transition from a fossil fuels energy regime to zero emissions and/or renewable (sometimes also ‘post-hydrocarbons’ regime; Smith, 2008), notion and explanation of ‘transition regions’. These are sub-national territories, usually with some degree devolved governance fields innovation, economic development that, for reasons be demonstrated, act as regional ‘lighthouses’ eco-innovation both other regions countries. places that subject ‘learning visits’ by global policy-makers interested parties eager learn how success was achieved. Because differ within state-systems, case material presented according three kinds political model. are, first, liberal market model, notably north America UK; second co-ordinated model such Germany Nordic countries; third hybrids have reasonably entrepreneurial climate typical ‘liberal market’ but strong welfare states, more ‘co-ordinated Denmark, small state, China, large one. Finally, each six cases will sequence ‘system’ regions’ nature role national summarised afterwards where top-down governmental influence clearly visible, even weakly. Also eco-innovations broadly same field, production, or electric vehicle consumption studied, giving maximum comparative value their emergence different countries regions.