Comparisons of urban-related warming in Beijing using different methods to calculate the daily mean temperature

摘要: To evaluate the contribution of urban surface expansion to regional warming using different methods calculate daily mean air temperature (SAT), satellite-based images displaying over past 37 years (1980–2016) across China were collected for use in nested numerical experiments weather research and forecasting (WRF) climate model. The urban-related was determined SAT averages based on four time records each day (00, 06, 12, 18 h UTC, T 4) maximum ( max) minimum min) xn). (relative value) Beijing 0.110°C per decade (22.8% total warming) 4 0.094°C (20.2%) xn. values obtained when larger than those Differences calculated xn could be attributed smaller changing trends urban-surface experiment, which resulted from a large trend min much max. changes diurnal cycle energy budget due induced SAT, as evidenced by day, well max min. This especially true periods intense expansion, although annual that 4. increase impervious area (walls, streets, etc.) widespread building materials with heat capacity marked ground flux daytime. restricted daytime, but promoted it at night. increases not symmetrical, being daytime