Exaggerated startle reactions
作者： Yasmine E.M. Dreissen , Mirte J. Bakker , Johannes H.T.M. Koelman , Marina A.J. Tijssen
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2011.09.022
关键词:
摘要: The origin of the startle reflex lies in caudal brainstem; it can be elicited by an unexpected stimulus resulting a bilateral activation many muscles. Two subsequent responses measured during EMG recordings; after initial motor reflex, lasting until about 150 ms, second response occur. contains more emotional and voluntary behavioral responses. Clinically, syndromes with hyperstartling as common feature divided into three groups: hyperekplexia, stimulus-induced disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders. Classification within these groups remains challenging. Generalized stiffness at birth, excessive startling temporary generalized being startled point towards hyperekplexia. Stimulus-induced disorders are distinguished careful clinical neurophysiological evaluation, including video recordings. Neuropsychiatric usually have additional behavioural psychiatric symptoms. Polymyographic recordings exhibit exaggeration while demonstrate variable pattern abnormal features. Neurophysiological investigation help to further delineate between unravel aetiology
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