Development of nonionic contrast media.

摘要: In this brief history, the author reviews observations that led to his developing a nonionic contrast medium. Current knowledge suggested if water-soluble medium could be made isotonic human plasma, it would cause less pain and toxicity than ionic media then in use. The principles design of such are discussed, as well subsequent chemical development testing animal models first generation (metrizamide) second (iohexol) media. Iohexol, which is described nonionic, monomeric ratio 3 medium, was selected for clinical from among competing substances due its low number models. results these experimental predicted iohexol fewer severe adverse reactions use 1.5