Assessing the risk for an obligate scavenger to be dependent on predictable feeding sources

摘要: Abstract For scavenging species that evolved to search for ephemeral and unpredictable resources, supplementary feeding may act as an ecological trap. Increasing food predictability lead the emergence of foraging routines liable make individuals too dependent on human-mediated feeding. Using recent methodologies (Fourier, Wavelet conditional entropy-based analyses), we investigated degree routine movement behaviour in a population Eurasian Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) mostly feed livestock carrion provided at Supplementary Feeding Stations (SFS). Overall, levels were low. Only 10% SFS included within individual's home range periodically visited some time, with period ranging from 1 6 days. The closer nest higher frequency supply, more likely was vulture visit this periodically. Vultures also tended repeatedly series often than expected if they would forage random, but remained relatively Our results suggest management through network numerous small does not substantially disrupt natural vultures, whereas large, frequently replenished tend artificially increase their level routine. We thus recommend managers preferentially rely system dilution carcasses across environment protect opportunistic typical wild vultures.