Animal-dispersed pioneer trees enhance the early regeneration in Atlantic Forest restoration plantations

摘要: Abstract Planting of native trees has been adopted in many tropical regions worldwide as a central forest restoration method, but little is known concerning the role that these planted species play catalyzing regeneration beneath their canopies. We investigated animal-dispersed tree woody understory plantings. assessed both density and richness seedlings within plots located canopy abiotic-dispersed three riparian sites with ages five, six eight years. The proportion increased plantation age. was higher eight-year-old planting. under when were analyzed altogether. top trees, from ten, seven species. suggest pioneer which facilitate natural promote high canopies should be considered “framework” for restoration.