Intraspecific phenotypic variation in life history traits of Daphnia galeata populations in response to fish kairomones

摘要: Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on environment. It has an influence adaptive potential environmental change and capability adapt locally. Adaptation happens at population level, thereby contributing genotypic phenotypic variation within species. Predation important ecological factor structuring communities maintaining species diversity. Prey developed strategies reduce their vulnerability predators by changing behaviour, morphology or life history. Predator-induced history responses in Daphnia have been investigated for decades, but intra-and inter-population variability was rarely addressed explicitly. We this issue conducting common garden experiment with 24 clonal lines European galeata originating from four populations, each represented six lines. recorded traits absence presence fish kairomones. Additionally, we looked shape experimental individuals geometric morphometric analysis, thus assessing predator-induced changes. Our data revealed high intraspecific between D. locally vertebrate predator regime as well effect kairomones galeata.