Examining the Association and Directionality between Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in the U.S. and Canada—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

摘要: Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the association and directionality between mental health disorders substance use among adolescents young adults in U.S. Canada. Methods: following databases were used: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis used odds ratios as pooled measure effect. Results: A total 3656 studies screened 36 selected. Pooled results showed a positive depression alcohol (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–1.83), cannabis (OR 1.29, CI: 1.10–1.51), tobacco 1.65, 1.43–1.92). Significant associations also found anxiety 1.54, 1.19–2.00), 1.36, 1.02–1.81), 2.21, 1.54–3.17). bidirectional relationship observed with at baseline leading follow-up 1.87, CI 1.23–2.85) 1.22, 1.09–1.37). unidirectional 1.33, 1.19–1.49). Conclusion: This study offers insights into adults. Our findings can help guide key stakeholders making recommendations for interventions, policy programming.