Are “universal” DNA primers really universal?

摘要: “Universal” DNA primers LCO 1490 and HCO 2198 were originally designed from three coding six anticoding strands by comparing highly conserved regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes across 15 taxa. These have been successful in amplifying a 710-bp fragment the COI gene for more than 80 invertebrate species 11 phyla. In present study, 130,843 variations reviewed primer region molecular markers 725 sequences kingdom Animalia. It was found that, 177 species, forward (LCO 1490) showed only four regions, compared to 12 original study. For ascidians, fungi vertebrates, it approximately 50 % dropping one echinoderms. However, reverse (HCO 2198) sequences. A similar pattern observed amino acid distributions. There significant difference means base pair differences level family, genus [analysis variance (ANOVA), F 6,188 = 8.193, P < 0.001] at (ANOVA, 6,77 = 2.538, P < 0.027). We conclude different taxonomic levels, is possible design reference belonging order (maximum 5 bp differences), family 6 bp differences) or 1 bp difference). Reverse can be 2 bp differences).