TOWARD AN ECOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA

摘要: The chapter describes the ecological geography of sea and explains species distribution in oceans seas, formation characteristic ecosystems, areas within which each ecosystem may be expected to occur. straightforward exploration marine biota all was done by Challenger 1872–1876. Two initiatives physical oceanography have provided us with a hitherto unmatched library observations from generate regional analyses circulation patterns required interpret processes. Weather satellites operated several national agencies deliver data on important parameters surface; their scatterometers, altimeters, synthetic aperture radars, microwave radiometers information such characteristics as surface roughness, elevation, topography, temperature, upwelling radiation. One most useful kinds now made satellite-borne sensors are changes location concentration regions relatively high chlorophyll concentration. novelty recent decades has been discovery two groups prokaryotic autotrophs among oceanic picoplankton: gram-negative cyanobacterial Synechococcus slightly larger prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus . Exploration ecology proceeded rapidly, already many solid generalizations made. It remind ourselves briefly at this point that benthic recently undergone least one change its acknowledgment diversity small inhabit interstices between sand grains other particles substrate.