Freshwater Protected Areas: Strategies for Conservation

摘要: Freshwater species and habitats are among the most threatened in world. One way which this growing conservation concern can be addressed is creation of freshwater protected areas. Here, we present three strategies for protected-area design management: whole-catchment management, natu- ral-flow maintenance, exclusion non-native species. These based on primary threats to fresh waters: land-use disturbances, altered hydrologies, introduction Each strategy draws from research limnology river wetland ecology. Ideally, areas should located intact catchments, have natural hydrological regimes, contain no non- native Because optimal conditions often difficult attain, also suggest alterna- tive management strategies, including multiple-use modules, use continuum concept, vegetated buffer strips, partial water discharges, eradication exotic Under some circumstances it may possible focus efforts two key zones: adjacent terrestrial headwaters.