摘要: Abstract It is shown that causality implies any global symmetry breaking transition in the early universe should produce, at horizon, an approximate scale invariant spectrum of gravitational waves - even absence inflation. This can result in, among other effects, a quadrupole anistropy cosmic microwave background today. Comparing this with existing upper limits place rigid limit on assoaiated various scenarios for formation large structure. The preliminary estimates presented here suggest be less than 1017 GeV.
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