Metals for fuels? : The raw material shift by energy-efficient transport systems in Europe

摘要: The long-term transition towards a low-carbon transport sector is key strategy in Europe. This includes the replacement of fossil fuels, modal shifts public as well higher energy efficiency overall. While these savings are likely to reduce direct greenhouse gas emissions transport, they also require production new and different vehicles. study analyses detail whether final induce for material resources from nature if future vehicles considered. results 28 member states 2030 indicate that leads lower carbon resource use savings. However, energy-efficient sectors can have significant impact on demand metals An additional annual 28.4 Mt metal ores was calculated personal alone. semiprecious (e.g., copper) amount 12.0 Mt, precious gold) 9.1 other lithium) 11.7 with small ferrous (−4.6 Mt).