General and specialized parenteral amino acid formulations for nutrition support.

摘要: Advances in the understanding of amino acid metabolism and interaction acids with skeletal muscle, liver, brain, other tissues have led to refinements parenteral solutions. Clinical situations may dictate use specific formulations. Branched-chain (BCAA) solutions normalize aberrant profiles patients hepatic encephalopathy; however, controlled trials demonstrate little effect on clinical outcome, effectiveness acute liver failure or undergoing orthotopic transplantation is unproved. BCAA also been tried septic severely stressed equivocal results. Renal has treated essential solutions, yet low-dose standard formulations are probably equally effective. Pediatric preparations tailored "normalize" those healthy term, breast-fed neonates. Recent studies suggest that premature infants receiving these achieve intrauterine growth rates, although long-term outcome unknown. Glutamine be for preservation intestinal mucosal structure function; further study indicated determine necessity adding glutamine Recently, infusions associated enhanced ventilatory drive, possibly via stimulation central mechanisms. A variety side effects documented, including acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypercalciuria, bone disease hepatotoxicity. Further intravenous infusion necessary provide optimal nutritional protein support. Because full information regarding complex substrates lacking, special must used caution.