The Causal Role of Cigarette Smoking in Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression, and the Role of Urologists in Smoking Cessation
作者： Seth A. Strope , James E. Montie
DOI: 10.1016/J.JURO.2008.03.045
关键词:
摘要: Purpose: Cigarette smoking is a well established risk factor for bladder cancer. We characterize the changing impact of this exposure throughout course cancer from incidence through progression. also discuss how understanding attributable to can help urologists effectively communicate with their patients and influence cessation in patients.Materials Methods: A review using MEDLINE® database 1975 2007 was performed search studies epidemiological medical literature on cigarette cancer.Results: accounts up 50% all incident cases, an fraction that may be increasing. The general public not informed association between cancer, physicians do poor job counseling regarding risk. Smoking has proven beneficial decreasing many related illness...
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