The urban rise and fall of air lead (Pb) and the latent surge and retreat of societal violence

摘要: article i nfo We evaluate air Pb emissions and latent aggravated assault behavior at the scale of city. accomplish this by regressing annual Federal Bureau Investigation rate records against rise fall vehicle in Chicago (Illinois), Indianapolis (Indiana), Minneapolis (Minnesota), San Diego (California), Atlanta (Georgia), New Orleans (Louisiana). Other things held equal, a 1% increase tonnages released 22 years prior raises present period 0.46% (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.64). Overall our model explains 90% variation across cities exam- ined. In case Orleans, 85% temporal is explained (total=10,179 metric tons) on population earlier. For every ton prior, 1.59 1.36 1.83, pb0.001) assaults per 100,000 were reported. Vehicles consuming fuel containing addi- tives contributed much larger quantities dust than generally recognized. Our findings along with others predict that prevention children's lead exposure from now will realize numerous societal bene- fits two decades into future, including lower rates assault.