Bioluminescence of beetle luciferases with 6'-amino-D-luciferin analogues reveals excited keto-oxyluciferin as the emitter and phenolate/luciferin binding site interactions modulate bioluminescence colors.

摘要: Beetle luciferases produce different bioluminescence colors from green to red using the same d-luciferin substrate. Despite many studies of mechanisms and structural determinants with firefly luciferases, identity emitters specific active site interactions responsible for color modulation remain elusive. To address these questions, we analyzed spectra 6′-amino-d-luciferin (aminoluciferin) its 5,5-dimethyl analogue a set recombinant beetle that naturally elicit pH sensitivities (pH-sensitive, Amydetes vivianii λmax = 538 nm, Macrolampis sp2 564 nm; pH-insensitive, Phrixotrix hirtus 623 546 Pyrearinus termitilluminans 534 nm), luciferase-like enzyme (Tenebrionidae, Zophobas morio 613 mutants C311 (S314). The green-yellow-emitting display red-shifted spectra...