The Palatal Interpterygoid Vacuities of Temnospondyls and the Implications for the Associated Eye- and Jaw Musculature.

摘要: A diagnostic feature of temnospondyls is the presence an open palate with large interpterygoid vacuities, unlike closed most other early tetrapods, in which vacuities are either slit-like or completely absent. Attachment sites on neurocranium and palatal bones allow reconstruction a powerful m. retractor bulbi large, sheet-like levator that formed elastic floor orbit. This muscle arrangement indicates were able to retract eyeballs through into buccal cavity, like extant frogs salamanders. In contrast, attachment suggest rather sauropsid-like these muscles stem-tetrapods stem-amniotes. However, anteriorly enlarged, huge long-snouted stereospondyls eye retraction was not only function here, since eye-muscles filled posterior part vacuities. We propose association long, preorbital adductor mandibulae internus (AMIa). The trochlea-like, anterior edge chamber suggests tendon AMIa redirected anteromedial direction skull dorsal pterygoids. then unfolded wide aponeurosis bearing flattened almost complete orbits. Our reconstructions permit comprehensive insights comparative soft tissue anatomy tetrapods provide basis for biomechanic analysis biting performances future. Anat Rec, 300:1240-1269, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.