Chapter 21 Elevated CO2 and Ozone: Their Effects on Photosynthesis

摘要: Elevated carbon dioxide [CO2] and ozone [O3] are increasing worldwide in part due to human activities. Each gas affects plant cells, initially primarily by interfering with photosynthesis, ways that only partially understood. It appears many species experience some stress this altered atmosphere. This stress, defined as the deviation from normal, evolutionarily shaped homeostatic conditions. Particular consequences ensue for functioning of chloroplasts. Regulatory mechanisms influence operation photosynthetic machinery will be discussed, current state physiological molecular genetic information concerning impacts, both direct indirect, two gases on chloroplast machinery. Recent reports examined light knowledge, working hypotheses interpretations future experimental approaches suggested make use accumulated data gene co-expression networks model species, Arabidopsis thaliana particular its relative Thellungiella halophila, which is characterized a very different lifestyle, improved understanding biochemical pathways metabolism relating interactions between plastids cytosol. Evidence discussed arguing presence increase tropospheric levels countermand or at least reduce fertilizing effects elevated [CO2]. The necessity food production require enhanced efforts breeding ozone-resistant crops.