Evaluating the drivers of Indo-Pacific biodiversity: speciation and dispersal of sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae)

摘要: Aim: There are several competing hypotheses to explain the high species richness of Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) marine biodiversity hotspot centred within Southeast (SE) Asia. We use phylogenetic methods provide a novel perspective on this problem using viviparous sea snakes, group with in IAA that is highly distinct from other taxa previously studied, both phylogenetically (Reptilia, Amniota) and biologically (e.g.viviparity direct development). Location: Indian Ocean West Pacific. Methods: used likelihood Bayesian reconstruct multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny for c.70% snake species, many sampled multiple localities Australasia, Asia Ocean. then compared rates temporal concordance inferred vicariance dispersal events between basins approaches including new analyses allow clade-specific event-specific rates. Results: Phylogenetic biogeographical reconstructions indicate snakes underwent rapid speciation after colonizing SE c.3 million years ago. Most Asian diversity result insitu speciation, most consistent 'centre origin' refuge' models hotspots. also at periphery, or entirely outside Asia; however, contrary predictions 'accumulation' 'overlap' models, these outlying do not preferentially disperse back into Instead, lineages equally likely either away Main conclusion: The (and hence IAA) mostly explained by rather than accumulation overlap. contemporaneous level changes generated dissolved barriers during last 2.5 years.