Exosomes and Shedding Microvesicles are Mediators of Intercellular Communication: How do they Communicate with the Target Cells?

摘要: Intercellular interactions are pivotal for basic cellular activities and errors in either receiving or transmitting these signals shown to cause pathological conditions. Whilst, such intercellular communications were once thought be regulated by membrane surface molecules and/or soluble secreted proteins stimulating the target cells through receptor mediated activation, increasing evidences suggest that extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) can also trigger signaling events cells. Exosomes shedding (SMVs) classes of EMVs enclosed organelles released under physiological conditions [1-6]. Among EMVs, exosomes small (40-100 nm diameter) membraneous vesicles endocytic origin while SMVs (also referred as ectosomes) large membranous (50-1000 shed directly from plasma (PM) [7]. Recent studies have mediate communication [8-10] harbour mRNA, microRNA, lipids [8,11-14] based on host cell.