Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of intestinal iron absorption.

摘要: Iron is an essential trace mineral that plays a number of important physiological roles in humans, including oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. absorption by the proximal small bowel critical checkpoint maintenance whole-body iron levels since, unlike most other nutrients, no regulated excretory systems exist for humans. Maintaining proper to avoid adverse consequences either low or high tissue concentrations, as commonly occurs iron-deficiency anemia hereditary hemochromatosis, respectively. Exquisite regulatory mechanisms have thus evolved modulate how much acquired from diet. Systemic sensing accomplished network molecules regulate transcription HAMP gene hepatocytes, modulating serum-borne, iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin decreases intestinal binding exporter ferroportin 1 on basolateral surface duodenal enterocytes, causing its internalization degradation. Mucosal regulation transport also during low-iron states, via transcriptional (by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α) posttranscriptional iron-sensing protein/iron-responsive element system) mechanisms. Recent studies demonstrated these loops function tandem control expression activity key modulators homeostasis. In health, body are maintained at appropriate levels; however, several inherited disorders pathophysiological perturbed dysregulated. The iron-related phenotypes diseases exemplify necessity precisely regulating meet demands.