作者: Margaret A. Richter , Paul D. Arnold
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摘要: OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) IS A COMMON and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder. Although it is widely believed to have a genetic basis, no specific factors been conclusively identified as yet, leading researchers look for environmental risk that may interact with an underlying susceptibility in affected individuals. Recently, there has increasing interest possible link between streptococcal infections the development of OCD tic disorders children. It suggested some susceptible individuals be caused by autoimmune response infections, is, similar biological mechanism associated Sydenham's chorea. The term “pediatric infections” (PANDAS) used describe subset children abrupt onset or exacerbations tics, both, following infections. Affected relatively early symptom onset, characteristic comorbid symptoms subtle neurological dysfunction. Neuroimaging studies reveal increased basal ganglia volumes, proposed cause involves cross-reaction antibodies tissue. Vulnerability developing PANDAS probably factors, elevated levels D8/17 represent marker PANDAS. Prophylactic antibiotic treatments thus far not shown helpful preventing exacerbations. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy effective treatment selected Further understanding role childhood-onset will important determining alternative strategies treatment, identification prevention this common psychiatric