Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer.

摘要: Most bladder cancer patients experience lymphatic metastasis in the course of disease progression, yet relationship between lymphangiogenesis and is not well known. The aim this study to elucidate underlying mechanisms how expanded vessels tumor microenvironment interacts each other find effective therapeutic options inhibit metastasis. orthotopic urinary (OUBC) model was generated by intravesical injection MBT-2 cell lines. We investigated angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, CD11b+/CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) using immunofluorescence staining. OUBC displayed a profound massive infiltration TAM primary lymph nodes. flocked near express higher levels VEGF-C/D than CD11b- cells. Because VEGFR-3 highly expressed vascular endothelial cells, could assist paracrine manner tumor. expressing adenovirus administered block signaling pathway clodronate liposome used deplete TAM. blockade with soluble VEGF receptor-3 markedly inhibited OUBC. In addition, depletion exerted similar effects on are main factors cancer. Moreover, plays an important role these processes producing VEGF-C/D. inhibition provide another target recurrence invasive