Gravettian hunting and exploitation of bears in Central Europe

摘要: Abstract Evidence of hunting and exploitation cave bears (Ursus spelaeus, sensu lato) are recently documented in western eastern sites its former European distribution Middle Upper Palaeolithic contexts. Human has always been accepted for brown arctos) but not bears. Recently Hohle Fels (Swabian Jura), a vertebrae was found with an embedded flint projectile. Furthermore, cut impact marks document processing this game. Alongside bear, small numbers coeval present caves. In open-air sites, both bear species recorded low equal numbers. The question why U. arctos survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) still remains open. respect, Gravettian is crucial period these questions, as latest dates fall into time span. whether by Neanderthals or Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) had on demise final extinction discussed, considering ecological behavioural parameters. context, Cave from Swabian Jura (Germany), Deszczowa Krakowsko-Czestochowska Upland (Poland), well five open air Czech Republic one Poland discussed.