4 Nutrients as regulators of endocrine and neuroendocrine secretion

摘要: Specialised cell types in living organisms are able to monitor continually the levels of key nutrients and produce appropriate metabolic behavioural responses, typically via altered secretion certain hormones neurotransmitters. This review aims provide a critical evaluation molecular mechanisms by which secretory processes higher animals can be regulated directly circulating three major macronutrient: sugars, amino acids, fatty acids. We focus on organs that play role nutrient sensing; pancreatic islet cells, gut, nutrient-sensitive neurones hypothalamus. There is evidence for common sensing different cells types, involving plasma membrane receptors, electrogenic transport intracellular metabolism nutrient. Nutrient-induced changes nucleotide have received much attention as potential coupling mechanism, but fundamental remain elusive. The identification additional signals should help clarify this complex topic.