THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY: LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

摘要: A broad range of fisheries-management approaches has been used around the world with varying degrees success. The Fifth International Mote Symposium focused on contrasting strategies and contexts associated successful experi ences others management failures. number general prin ciples for fisheries emerged. These principles emphasize need to address causes failures directly by creating institutional structures that provide incentives stop race fish increase responsi bility accountability all stakeholders—fishers, scientists, managers. Theme If anything characterizes contemporary trends in fishery science management, it is an acknowledgement complexity it, as empha sized symposium announcement: “successful requires integrating dynamics two complex systems, marine ecosystem which targets are embedded economic behavioral systems people seeking fish.” In a sense, focus this entails going back beginnings: notion “fishery,” understood sum resource, fleet, market. original concept “the fishery” was integrative, sense modern. During Golden Age science, be tween 1950s 1970s, narrowed fish, their ecology, dynam ics. As Hanna (this issue) pointed out her presentation, 1980s were marked gradual shift captured then popular phrase “fishery about managing people, not fish,” revealed growing interest process, top-down flavor. 1990s onwards, shifted toward ecosystem-based regional scale, (at least U.S.) integrated national ocean policies (U.S. Commission Ocean Policy, 2004; Pew Oceans Commission, 2003). Most contributions inspired integrative perspec tive. Lent NOAA defines approach one adaptive, incremental, regionally directed; takes into account knowledge uncertainty ecosystem; considers multiple exter nal influences; strives balance diverse societal objectives. Fletcher characterized Australian sustainable development con text incorporates five major issues interest: target species, ecosys tem, social sectors, governance. same basic elements contemplated assessments sustainability conducted under Marine Stew ardship Council’s (2002) protocol, based set criteria explicitly species ecosystem, well aspects system. Focus frequently equated (Browman Stergiou, 2004), strongly advocated prescriptions mitigating perceived crisis