Human disposition and some biochemical aspects of methylxanthines.

摘要: The human disposition of caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine is essentially characterized by rapid complete gastrointestinal absorption; minimal first pass metabolism; distribution throughout the total body water; extensive and, in case caffeine almost complete, biotransformation liver; elimination metabolites from via kidneys. Methylxanthine metabolism affected such factors as diet, smoking, pregnancy, use oral contraceptives, age, disease state. These have been studied extensively relationship to disposition, less so for minimally well these compounds, particular paraxanthine diaminouracils. facts that loss 3-methyl group form 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine) preferential path humans an acetylated diaminouracil one major end-products would indicate need additional studies compounds. variability often associated with may be part genetic origin since population generally biomodally distributed its ability acetylate molecules possessing amino functional group. In addition, useful a diagnostic tool determine individual's thus eliminate potentially harmful compounds body, measure liver function terms enzymatic metabolizing ability.