Nitric oxide and its role in orthopaedic disease.

摘要: Nitric oxide (.NO) is synthesized by the enzyme nitric synthase (NOS). There are 2 constitutive forms of NOS (cNOS) and 1 inducible form (iNOS). Cells containing cNOS rapidly transiently produce small amounts NO in response to agonists that raise cytosolic levels free Ca 2+ , whereas cells expressing iNOS large for extended periods after a lag several hours during which time induced. Until recently, isoforms were thought be confined endothelial (eNOS) brain (bNOS or nNOS). However, eNOS bNOS have been identified an increasing variety additional cells. Many, if not most, types capable cytokines, endotoxin, phagocytosis. Regulation occurs at transcriptional, translational, posttranslational levels. Because diffusible soluble hydrophobic aqueous environments, it well suited its role as intercellular messenger with unique ability penetrate solid tissue. inactivated hemoglobin. The biochemistry dominated rapid reaction oxygen transitional metals, notably iron. former may protective, when neutralizing superoxide (.O - ), harmful forming highly damaging radicals such peroxynitrite. Interaction iron-containing proteins has number sequelae, including activation guanylate cyclase, inhibition mitochondrial respiration, cell division. implicated conditions orthopaedic interest, inflammation, arthritis, osteoporosis, sepsis, ligament healing, aseptic loosening joint prostheses.