A class of warm Jupiters with mutually inclined, apsidally misaligned close friends

摘要: The orbits of giant extrasolar planets often have surprisingly small semimajor axes, large eccentricities, or severe misalignments between their orbit normals and host stars' spin axes. In some formation scenarios invoking Kozai-Lidov oscillations, an external planetary companion drives a planet onto having these properties. mutual inclinations for oscillations can be not been confirmed observationally. Here we present evidence that observed eccentric warm Jupiters with companions oscillate 35° 65°. Our inference is based on the pairs' apsidal separations, which cluster near 90°. near-orthogonality periapse directions effected by outer companion's quadrupolar octupolar potentials. These systems may undergoing stalled version tidal migration produces over hot Jupiters, they provide population multiplanet are flat sculpted oscillations.