Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance for ketoprofen in the environment: Need, strategy and challenge.

摘要: Abstract Implementing “targeted” eco-pharmacovigilance(EPV) which focuses on individual or specific pharmaceuticals a prioritised basis is feasible, economical and customized approach to reduce the environmental concentrations risks of pharmaceuticals. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) remaining in environment are kind priority hazard substances, due notable case that diclofenac residues caused loss more than 99% vultures across Indian sub-continent. Ketoprofen, as another widely used NSAID with comparable even higher global consumption diclofenac, has been shown present potential risk non-target terrestrial aquatic species. Based review 85 articles reporting analyses ketoprofen since 2010, we found this frequently various compartments around world. Therefore, it urgent implement EPV targeting pollution. Here, provide some recommendations for implementing targeted ketoprofen, including: Closely monitoring natural environment; Reducing through source control; Encouraging urine separation treatment; Limiting application veterinary ketoprofen; Designing constituting framework system EPV. But challenges, such ambiguity accountability main bodies responsible continued residues, lack optimized scenarios procedure, need detailed design schemes EPV, etc. should be addressed.