The European Union and Major Infrastructure Policies: The Reforms of the Trans-European Networks Programmes and the Implications for Spatial Planning

摘要: AbstractThe European Union (EU) has been involved in influencing major infrastructure the fields of transport and energy mainly by means Trans-European Networks (TENs) programme begun 1990s. Other macro-planning wider spatial planning exercises, including Spatial Development Perspective, made reference to such systems, particularly relation need for connectivity mobility, but normally did not attempt intervene an area seen as one prerogatives national states. Much more important have programmes liberalization pressed EU since 1980s, these had no specific geographical content. A revision TENs 2008 led proposals increase role EU, drawing up continent wide schemas indicating needs future investment many both energy, introducing new procedures streamline decision-making designating projects i...