Equivalent Circuits and Analogs of the Josephson Effect

摘要: Originally the term Josephson junction referred to tunnel junction, comprising two bulk superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier through which current could flow electron tunneling. Following original studies Giaver [1] of dissipative quasiparticle tunneling at voltages V ≠ 0 in this system, [2] predicted that there also be supercurrent = and, further, would continue 0, but as an alternating frequency proportional V. Subsequently, dc was observed Anderson and Rowell [3] ac Shapiro [4]. Since time similar effects have been other superconductor systems, notably small area metal-metal contacts (point contacts) Zimmerman Silver [5], thin-film superconducting constrictions (bridges) Dayem [6], superconductor-normal metal-superconductor sandwiches (SNS junctions) Clarke [7], bridges weakened normal metal overlays Notarys Mercereau [8]. All these systems are now called junctions [9–15].