Long term energy and emission implications of a global shift to electricity-based public rail transportation system

摘要: Abstract With high reliance on light-duty vehicles in the present, future of global transportation system is also geared towards private modes, which has significant energy and emission implications. Public been argued as an alternative strategy for meeting rising demands growing world, especially poor, a sustainable efficient way. The present study analyzes important yet under-researched question – what are long-term implications electric rail based passenger both long short distance passenter needs? We analyze suite share scenarios with without climate policy. In reference scenario, will evolve dominance fossil vehicles. find that policy more successful than economy wide reducing transport sector demand emissions. Economy emissions however can only be reduced through broader policy, cost by hundreds billions dollars across century when implemented combination focused Moreover, higher enhances security oil importing nations reduces vehicular congestion road infrastructure requirement well.