Lisbon Emoji and Emoticon Database (LEED): Norms for emoji and emoticons in seven evaluative dimensions

摘要: The use of emoticons and emoji is increasingly popular across a variety new platforms online communication. They have also become as stimulus materials in scientific research. However, the assumption that emoji/emoticon users' interpretations always correspond to developers'/researchers' intended meanings might be misleading. This article presents subjective norms provided by everyday users. Lisbon Emoji Emoticon Database (LEED) comprises 238 stimuli: 85 153 (collected from iOS, Android, Facebook, Emojipedia). sample included 505 Portuguese participants recruited online. Each participant evaluated random subset 20 stimuli for seven dimensions: aesthetic appeal, familiarity, visual complexity, concreteness, valence, arousal, meaningfulness. Participants were additionally asked attribute meaning each stimulus. obtained include quantitative descriptive results (means, standard deviations, confidence intervals) analysis We examined correlations between dimensions tested differences emoji, well two major operating systems-Android iOS. LEED constitutes readily available normative database (available at www.osf.io/nua4x ) with potential applications different research domains.