Pathways of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Microalgae
作者： J. Paniagua-Michel , Jorge Olmos-Soto , Manuel Acosta Ruiz
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-879-5_1
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摘要: The carotenoids, a subfamily of the isoprenoids, are among most widespread, ancient, diverse, and rich class all natural products biomolecules. Microorganisms, as well microalgae bacteria synthesize isoprenoids from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) its isomer dimethylallyl (DMAPP). For long time, mevalonic acid was assumed to be only precursor for IPP DMAPP in cytosolic acetate/mevalonate pathway biosynthesis sterols, sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids, carotenoids. At present, it is accepted that relatively new route, methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), or 1-deoxy-D: -xylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP) main plastidic such phytol (a side chain chlorophylls), plastoquinone-9, isoprene, mono-, diterpenes. Cytosolic (sterols) biosynthesized by MEP have been reported eubacteria algae (Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus, Dunaliella). This review summarizes current knowledge biosynthetic pathways leading formation different carotenoids microalgae. Particular attention given last early steps key C(5)-precursor final including selected examples recent advances genomics metabolic engineering.
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