Mitochondrial D-loop phylogeny signals two native Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus) Lineages genetically different to Western and Eastern European red deer and infers human-mediated translocations

摘要: Native red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Western Europe might at least partially derive from refugial populations which survived the Iberian Peninsula during last glacial maximum, and that expanded northwards onset of Holocene. However, phylogeny genetic structure are still poorly known. This study was planned, a first step, to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship main extant Spain by analyses an extensive sample mitochondrial DNA sequences. Results indicate sequences these can be assigned one two deeply divergent mtDNA lineages (South-Western Central-Eastern) with molecular divergence nearby 2 %. In each lineage were respectively found sixteen thirteen different haplotypes. It evidenced they may allopatrically distributed 86.6 % South-Western side 65 Central-Eastern side. These have originated distinct maximum. Genetic data also reveal instances admixture between native translocated European deer, belong three subspecies. Gene introgression mainly due populations. The contribution Eastern (C. e. hippelaphus) or North Africa corsicanus, C. barbarus) apparently less deep. evidences suggest sound conservation actions for should severely restrict introduction alien and, when possible, avoid lineages.